12th Physics - TamilNadu State Board (English Medium)
UNIT 1: Electrostatics
1. Electrostatics - Introduction
2. Historical background of electric charges - Electrostatics
3. Basic properties of charges - Electrostatics
4. Coulomb�s Law - Electrostatics
5. Coulomb�s Law: Superposition principle - Electrostatics
6. Coulomb�s Law - Solved Example Problems - Electrostatics
7. Electric Field
8. Electric field due to the system of point charges
9. Electric field due to continuous charge distribution
10. Electric field lines
11. Electric Field and Electric Field Lines: Solved Example Problems
12. Electric dipole - Electrostatics
13. Electric field due to a dipole
14. Torque experienced by an electric dipole in the uniform electric field
15. Electric Dipole : Solved Example Problems
16. Electrostatic Potential energy and Electrostatic potential
17. Electric potential due to a point charge - Electrostatics
18. Electrostatic potential at a point due to an electric dipole
19. Equi-potential Surface - Electrostatics
20. Relation between electric field and potential - Electrostatics
21. Electrostatic potential energy for collection of point charges
22. Electrostatic potential energy of a dipole in a uniform electric field
23. Electrostatic Potential and Potential Energy: Solved Example Problems
24. Electric Flux - Electrostatics
25. Electric flux for closed surfaces
26. Gauss law - Formula with Solved Example Problems
27. Applications of Gauss law
28. Electric Flux, Gauss Law: Solved Example Problems
29. Conductors at electrostatic equilibrium - Electrostatics of Conductors and Dielectrics
30. Electrostatic shielding - Electrostatics of Conductors and Dielectrics
31. Electrostatic induction - Electrostatics of Conductors and Dielectrics
32. Dielectrics or insulators - Electrostatics of Conductors and Dielectrics
33. Induced Electric field inside the dielectric - Electrostatics of Conductors and Dielectrics
34. Dielectric strength - Electrostatics of Conductors and Dielectrics
35. Electrostatic induction: Solved Example Problems
36. Capacitors
37. Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor - Explanation with Solved Example Problems
38. Energy stored in the capacitor
39. Applications of capacitors
40. Effect of dielectrics in capacitors
41. Capacitor in series and parallel - Explanation with Solved Example Problems
42. Capacitors and Capacitance: Solved Example Problems
43. Distribution of charges in a conductor
44. Distribution of charges in Action at points or Corona discharge
45. Lightning arrester or lightning conductor - Distribution of charges in Action at points or Corona discharge
46. Van de Graaff Generator - Working Principal, Explanation with Diagram, Solved Example Problems
47. Distribution of Charges in a Conductor and Action at Points: Solved Example Problems
48. Electrostatics: Summary and Formulas - Physics
49. Electrostatics: Multiple choice questions with answers - Physics
50. Electrostatics: Questions and Answers - Brief, Short Answers | Physics
51. Electrostatics: Exercises and Example Solved Problems - Physics
UNIT 2: Current Electricity
1. Introduction - Current Electricity
2. Electric Current
3. Conventional Current
4. Drift velocity - Current Electricity
5. Microscopic model of current
6. Electric Current: Solved Example Problems
7. Ohm�s Law - Explanation, Formulas, Solved Example Problems
8. Resistivity - Explanation, Formulas, Solved Example Problems
9. Resistors in series and parallel - Explanation, Formulas, Solved Example Problems
10. Color code for Carbon resistors
11. Temperature dependence of resistivity - Explanation, Formulas, Solved Example Problems
12. Ohm�s Law: Solved Example Problems
13. Energy and Power in Electrical Circuits
14. Energy and Power in Electrical Circuits: Solved Example Problems
15. Electric Cells and Batteries - Current Electricity
16. Electric Cells and Batteries: Solved Example Problems
17. Kirchhoff�s first rule (Current rule or Junction rule) - Explanation, Formulas, Solved Example Problems
18. Kirchhoff�s Second rule (Voltage rule or Loop rule) - Explanation, Formulas, Solved Example Problems
19. Wheatstone�s bridge - Explanation, Formulas, Solved Example Problems | Kirchhoff�s rule
20. Meter bridge - Explanation, Formulas, Solved Example Problems | Kirchhoff�s rule and Wheatstone�s bridge
21. Potentiometer - Explanation, Formulas, Solved Example Problems | Kirchhoff�s rule and Wheatstone�s bridge
22. Comparison of emf of two cells with a potentiometer - Explanation, Formulas, Solved Example Problems | Kirchhoff�s rule and Wheatstone�s bridge
23. Measurement of internal resistance of a cell by potentiometer - Explanation, Formulas, Solved Example Problems | Kirchhoff�s rule and Wheatstone�s bridge
24. Kirchhoff�s Rules: Solved Example Problems
25. Heating Effect of Electric Current
26. Joule�s law - Explanation, Formulas, Solved Example Problems | Heating Effect of Electric Current
27. Application of Joule�s heating effect
28. Heating Effect of Electric Current, Joule�s law: Solved Example Problems
29. Thermoelectric Effect
30. Seebeck effect - Thermoelectric Effect
31. Peltier effect - Thermoelectric Effect
32. Thomson effect - Thermoelectric Effect
33. Current Electricity: Summary - Physics
34. Current Electricity: Multiple Choice Questions with Answer - Physics
35. Current Electricity: Questions and Answers - Brief, Short Answers | Physics
36. Current Electricity: Exercises and Example Solved Numerical problems - Physics
UNIT 3: Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Electric Current
1. Introduction to Magnetism - Physics
2. Earth�s magnetic field and magnetic elements
3. Basic properties of magnets - Physics
4. Introduction to Magnetism: Solved Example Problems - Physics
5. Coulomb�s Inverse Square Law of Magnetism - Explanation, Formulas, Solved Example Problems
6. Coulomb�s Inverse Square Law of Magnetism: Solved Example Problems - Physics
7. Torque Acting on a Bar Magnet in Uniform Magnetic Field
8. Potential energy of a bar magnet in a uniform magnetic field
9. Tangent law and Tangent Galvanometer - Construction, Precautions, Theory, Solved Example Problems
10. Torque Acting on a Bar Magnet in Uniform Magnetic Field: Solved Example Problems
11. Magnetic Properties
12. Magnetic Properties: Solved Example Problems
13. Classification of Magnetic Materials
14. Hysteresis
15. Applications of hysteresis loop
16. Hysteresis: Solved Example Problems - Physics
17. Magnetic Effects of Current
18. Maxwell�s right hand cork screw rule: Solved Example Problems
19. Biot - Savart Law - Definition, explanation, Solved Example Problems
20. Definition and explanation of Biot- Savart law
21. Magnetic field due to long straight conductor carrying current - Biot - Savart Law | Physics
22. Magnetic field produced along the axis of the current carrying circular coil - Biot - Savart Law | Physics
23. Current loop as a magnetic dipole - Biot - Savart Law | Physics
24. Magnetic dipole moment of revolving electron - Biot - Savart Law | Physics
25. Biot- Savart law: Solved Example Problems - Physics
26. Ampere�s Circuital Law
27. Definition and explanation of Amp�re�s circuital law - Ampere�s Circuital Law | Physics
28. Magnetic field due to the current carrying wire of infinite length using Ampere�s law - Ampere�s Circuital Law | Physics
29. Solenoid - Ampere�s Circuital Law | Physics
30. Magnetic field due to a long current carrying solenoid - Ampere�s Circuital Law | Physics
31. Toroid - Ampere�s Circuital Law | Physics
32. Ampere�s Circuital Law: Solved Example Problems - Physics
33. Lorentz Force - Definition, explanation, Formula, Application, Solved Example Problems
34. Force on a moving charge in a magnetic field - Lorentz Force | Physics
35. Motion of a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field - Lorentz Force | Physics
36. Motion of a charged particle under crossed electric and magnetic field (velocity selector) - Lorentz Force | Physics
37. Cyclotron - Principle, Construction, Working Principle, Limitations
38. Force on a current carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field - Lorentz Force | Physics
39. Force between two long parallel current carrying conductors - Lorentz Force | Physics
40. Lorentz Force: Solved Example Problems - Physics
41. Expression for torque on a current loop placed in a magnetic field
42. Moving coil galvanometer - Principle, Construction, Working Principle, Sensitivity, Solved Example Problems
43. Conversion of galvanometer into ammeter and voltmeter
44. Torque on a current loop: Solved Example Problems
45. Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Electric Current: Summary - Physics
46. Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Electric Current: Multiple choice questions - Physics
47. Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Electric Current: Questions and Answers - Brief, Short Answers | Physics
48. Magnetism and Magnetic Effects of Electric Current: Exercises and Example Solved Numerical problems - Physics
UNIT 4: Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current
1. Electromagnetic Induction - Introduction
2. Magnetic Flux - Definition, Formula, Solved Example Problems | Electromagnetic Induction
3. Faraday�s Experiments on Electromagnetic Induction
4. Lenz�s law - Definition, Explanation | Electromagnetic Induction
5. Fleming�s right hand rule - Definition, Explanation, Solved Example Problems | Electromagnetic Induction
6. Motional emf from Lorentz force - Definition, Explanation, Formula | Electromagnetic Induction
7. Motional emf from Faraday�s law and Energy conservation - Definition, Explanation, Solved Example Problems | Electromagnetic Induction
8. Eddy Currents - Definition, Demonstration, Drawbacks, Application
9. Application of eddy currents
10. Electromagnetic Induction: Solved Example Problems
11. Eddy Currents - Introduction, Definition, Formula, Physical significance | Electromagnetic Induction
12. Self-inductance of a long solenoid - Definition, Explanation, Formulas, Solved Example Problems | Electromagnetic Induction
13. Mutual induction - Definition, Explanation, Formula, Unit | Electromagnetic Induction
14. Mutual inductance between two long co-axial solenoids - Definition, Explanation, Formulas, Solved Example Problems | Electromagnetic Induction
15. Eddy Currents, Self-inductance, Mutual inductance: Solved Example Problems
16. Methods of Producing Induced Emf
17. Solved Example Problems on Methods of Producing Induced Emf
18. AC Generator - Principle, Construction, Working Principle, Diagram, Advantages
19. Single phase AC generator - Principle, Construction, Working Principle, Diagram
20. Three phase AC generator - Principle, Construction, Working Principle, Diagram
21. Advantages of three-phase alternator
22. Advantages of stationary armature-rotating field alternator
23. Construction and working Principle of transformer
24. Energy losses in a transformer
25. Advantages of AC in long distance power transmission
26. Illustration and Solved Example Problems on Advantages of AC in long distance power transmission
27. Power system at a glance
28. Alternating Current (AC) - Introduction, Definition, Formula
29. Mean or Average value of AC - Alternating Current (AC)
30. RMS value of AC - Phasor and phasor diagram, Definition, Explanation, Formulas, Solved Example Problems | Alternating Current (AC)
31. AC circuit containing pure resistor - Phasor diagram, Circuit Diagram, Formula | Alternating Current (AC)
32. AC circuit containing only an inductor - Phasor diagram, Circuit Diagram, Formula, Solved Example Problems | Alternating Current (AC)
33. AC circuit containing only a capacitor - Phasor diagram, Circuit Diagram, Formula, Solved Example Problems | Alternating Current (AC)
34. A capacitor blocks DC but it allows AC. Why? and How?
35. AC circuit containing a resistor, an inductor and a capacitor in series - Series RLC circuit - Phasor diagram, Circuit Diagram, Formula, Solved Example Problems | Alternating Current (AC)
36. Resonance in series RLC Circuit - Phasor diagram, Circuit Diagram, Formula | Alternating Current (AC)
37. Quality factor or Q�factor - Definition, Explanation, Formulas, Solved Example Problems | Alternating Current (AC)
38. Solved Example Problems on Alternating Current (AC) and Circuit
39. Power In AC Circuits
40. Wattless current
41. Power factor - Power in AC Circuits
42. Advantages and disadvantages of AC over DC
43. Power in AC Circuits: Solved Example Problems
44. Energy conversion during LC oscillations
45. Conservation of energy in LC oscillations
46. Analogies between LC oscillations and simple harmonic oscillations
47. Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current: Summary
48. Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current: Multiple Choice Questions - Physics
49. Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current: Questions and Answers - Brief, Short Answers | Physics
50. Electromagnetic Induction and Alternating Current: Exercises and Example Solved Numerical problems - Physics
UNIT 5: Electromagnetic Waves
1. Electromagnetic Waves - Introduction
2. Displacement current and Maxwell�s correction to Ampere's circuital law - Electromagnetic Waves
3. Maxwell�s equations in integral form - Electromagnetic Waves
4. Solved Example Problems on Displacement current and Maxwell�s correction to Ampere's circuital law - Electromagnetic Waves | Physics
5. Electromagnetic Waves: Definition - Physics
6. Production and properties of electromagnetic waves - Hertz experiment
7. Sources of electromagnetic Waves
8. Electromagnetic spectrum
9. Measuring the speed of light using the microwave oven
10. Types of Spectrum-Emission and Absorption Spectrum-Fraunhofer Lines
11. Electromagnetic Waves: Summary - Physics
12. Electromagnetic Waves: Multiple choice questions - Physics
13. Electromagnetic Waves: Questions and Answers - Brief, Short Answers | Physics
14. Electromagnetic Waves: Exercises and Example Solved Numerical problems - Physics
Practical Experiments
1. Specific Resistance of the Material of the Coil Using Metre Bridge - Physics Practical Experiment
2. Horizontal Component of Earth�s Magnetic Field Using Tangent Galvanometer - Physics Practical Experiment
3. Magnetic Field Along the Axis of a Circular Coil-Determination of BH - Physics Practical Experiment
4. Refractive Index of the Material of the Prism - Physics Practical Experiment
5. Wavelength of the Constituent Colours of a Composite Light Using Diffraction Grating and Spectrometer - Physics Practical Experiment
6. Voltage-Current Characteristics of a PN Junction Diode - Physics Practical Experiment
7. Voltage-Current Characteristics of a Zener Diode - Physics Practical Experiment
8. Characteristics of a NPN-Junction Transistor in Common Emitter Configuration - Physics Practical Experiment
9. Verification of Truth Tables of Logic Gates Using Integrated Circuits - Physics Practical Experiment
10. Verification of De Morgan�s Theorems - Physics Practical Experiment
11. Suggested Questions for the Practical Examination - Physics Practical Experiment
UNIT 6: Ray Optics
1. Ray Optics - Physics
2. Spherical Mirrors - Optics | Physics
3. Speed of Light - Optics | Physics
4. Refraction - Optics | Physics
5. Effects due to total internal reflection - Optics | Physics
6. Refraction in glass slab
7. Refraction at Single Spherical Surface - Optics | Physics
8. Thin Lens - Optics | Physics
9. Prism - Optics | Physics
10. Summary, Concept Map - Ray Optics | Physics
11. Multiple choice questions - Ray Optics | Physics
12. Short Answer Questions - Ray Optics | Physics
13. Long Answer Questions - Ray Optics | Physics
14. Conceptual Questions - with solution and answers | Ray Optics | Physics
15. Book Back Numerical Problems - with solution and answers | Ray Optics | Physics
16. Solved Example Numerical Problems - with solution and answers | Ray Optics | Physics
17. All Numerical Problems of Ray Optics - with solution and answers | Ray Optics | Physics
UNIT 7: Wave Optics
1. Wave Optics - Physics
2. Theories on Light
3. Wave Nature of Light
4. Interference - Wave Optics | Physics
5. Interference: Phase difference and path difference
6. Interference: Coherent sources
7. Young�s double slit experiment - Double slit as coherent sources | Interference
8. Interference with polychromatic light and in thin films
9. Diffraction - Optics | Physics
10. Fresnel and Fraunhofer diffractions
11. Diffraction at single slit
12. Fresnel�s distance - Diffraction
13. Difference between interference and diffraction
14. Diffraction in grating
15. Experiment to determine the wavelength of monochromatic light - Diffraction
16. Determination of wavelength of different colours - Diffraction
17. Resolution - Diffraction
18. Polarisation - Wave Optics | Physics
19. Polarisation Techniques - Several techniques | Four methods
20. Optical Instruments
21. Simple microscope - Near point focusing, Normal focusing | Optical Instruments
22. Compound microscope - Optical Instruments
23. Astronomical telescope - Optical Instruments
24. Terrestrial telescope - Optical Instruments
25. Reflecting telescope - Optical Instruments
26. Spectrometer - Optical Instruments
27. The eye - Optical Instruments
28. Summary, Concept Map - Wave Optics | Physics
29. Multiple choice questions - Wave Optics | Physics
30. Short Answer Questions - Wave Optics | Physics
31. Long Answer Questions - Wave Optics | Physics
32. Conceptual Questions - Wave Optics | Physics
33. Book Back Numerical Problems - with Answer and Solution | Wave Optics | Physics
34. Solved Example Numerical Problems - Wave Optics | Physics
UNIT 8: Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter
1. Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter - Physics
2. Electron emission - Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | Physics
3. Hertz, Hallwachs and Lenard�s observation - Photo Electric Effect | Physics
4. Effect of intensity of incident light on photoelectric current - Photo Electric Effect | Physics
5. Effect of potential difference on photoelectric current - Photo Electric Effect | Physics
6. Effect of frequency of incident light on stopping potential - Photo Electric Effect | Physics
7. Laws of photoelectric effect
8. Concept of quantization of energy - Photo Electric Effect | Physics
9. Particle nature of light: Einstein�s explanation - Photo Electric Effect | Physics
10. Photo electric cells and their applications - Construction, Working, Applications | Photo Electric Effect | Physics
11. Photo Electric Effect: Example Numerical Problems - Physics
12. Wave nature of particles - Physics
13. De Broglie wave length of electrons - Wave nature of particles | Physics
14. Davisson - Germer experiment - Wave nature of particles | Physics
15. Electron Microscope - Principle, Working | Physics
16. Wave nature of particles: Example Solved Numerical Problems
17. X-Rays - Discovery, Production, Characteristic, Applications, Example Solved Problem, X-ray spectra
18. Summary, Concept Map - Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | Physics
19. Multiple Choice Questions - Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | Physics
20. Short Answer Questions - Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | Physics
21. Long Answer Questions - Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | Physics
22. Exercise Numerical problems - with Answers, Solution | Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | Physics
23. Solved Example Numerical problems - with Answers, Solution | Dual Nature of Radiation and Matter | Physics
UNIT 9: Atomic and Nuclear Physics
1. Atomic and Nuclear Physics - Physics
2. Electric Discharge Through Gases - Physics
3. Determination of specific charge (e/m) of an electron - Thomson�s experiment - Electric Discharge Through Gases | Physics
4. Determination of charge of an electron - Millikan�s oil drop experiment - Electric Discharge Through Gases | Physics
5. Atom Models - Physics
6. J. J. Thomson�s Model (Water melon model) - Atom Models | Physics
7. Rutherford�s model - Atom Models | Physics
8. Bohr atom model
9. Atomic spectra - Atom Models | Physics
10. Nuclei
11. Composition of nucleus
12. Isotopes, isobars, and isotones - Nuclear Physics
13. Atomic and nuclear masses - Nuclear Physics
14. Size and density of the nucleus - Nuclear Physics
15. Mass defect and binding energy - Nuclear Physics
16. Binding energy curve - Nuclear Physics
17. Nuclear Force
18. Radioactivity - Nuclear Physics
19. Radioactivity: Alpha decay - Nuclear Physics
20. Radioactivity: Beta decay - Nuclear Physics
21. Radioactivity: Gamma decay - Nuclear Physics
22. Law of radioactive decay
23. Half-life - Radioactivity | Nuclear Physics
24. Carbon dating - Radioactivity | Nuclear Physics
25. Discovery of Neutrons - Radioactivity | Nuclear Physics
26. Nuclear Fission
27. Nuclear Fusion
28. Summary, Concept Map - Atomic and Nuclear Physics | Physics
29. Multiple Choice Questions - Atomic and Nuclear Physics | Physics
30. Short answer questions - Atomic and Nuclear Physics | Physics
31. Long answer questions - Atomic and Nuclear Physics | Physics
32. Numerical Exercises Problems - with Answers, Solution | Atomic and Nuclear Physics | Physics
33. Example Solved Numerical Problems - with Answers, Solution | Atomic and Nuclear Physics | Physics
UNIT 10a: Semiconductor Electronics
1. Semiconductor Electronics - Physics
2. Energy band diagram of solids - Semiconductor Electronics | Physics
3. Classification of materials - Physics
4. Types of Semiconductrors
5. P-N Junction formation - Diodes | Semiconductor Electronics | Physics
6. P-N Junction diode - Biasing a diode, Circuit symbol, Schematic representation
7. Characteristics of a junction diode
8. Diode: Rectification
9. Diode: Breakdown mechanism
10. Zener diode - V-I Characteristics, Circuit symbol, Example numerical problems
11. Optoelectronic devices using Diodes
12. The Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT] - Schematic Diagram, Circuit symbol, Transistor Biasing, Transistor circuit configurations
13. Transistor circuit configurations of BJT - Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT]
14. Transistor action in the common base mode - Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT]
15. Static Characteristics of Transistor in Common Emitter Mode - Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT]
16. Transistor as a switch - Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT]
17. Operating Point - Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT]
18. Transistor as an amplifier - Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT]
19. Transistor as an oscillator - Bipolar Junction Transistor [BJT]
20. Digital Electronics
21. Analog and Digital Signals - Digital Electronics
22. Logic gates - Circuit symbol, Truth Table, Boolean equation, Logic operation | Digital Electronics
23. Boolean Algebra - Laws and Concept
24. De Morgan�s Theorem
25. Integrated Chips - Semiconductor Electronics
26. Summary, Concept Map - Semiconductor Electronics | Physics
27. Multiple choice questions - Semiconductor Electronics | Physics
28. Short Answer Questions - Semiconductor Electronics | Physics
29. Long Answer Questions - Semiconductor Electronics | Physics
30. Exercise Numerical Problems - with Answers, Solution | Semiconductor Electronics | Physics
31. Example Solved Numerical Problems - with Answers, Solution | Semiconductor Electronics | Physics
UNIT 10b: Communication Systems
1. Communication Systems - Physics
2. Modulation
3. Amplitude Modulation (AM) - Advantages, Limitations, Modulated Waveform Signals
4. Frequency Modulation (FM) - Advantages, Limitations, Modulated Waveform Signals
5. Phase Modulation (PM) - Advantages, Modulated Waveform Signals
6. Elements of an Electronic Communication System
7. Basic Definitions in Electronic Communication System
8. Bandwidth of Transmission System
9. Antenna Size
10. Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves - Communication Systems | Physics
11. Ground Wave Propagation - Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves
12. Sky Wave Propagation - Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves
13. Space Wave Propagation - Propagation of Electromagnetic Waves
14. Satellite Communication - Applications
15. Fibre Optic Communication - Applications, Merits, Demerits
16. Radar and its Applications - Communication Systems
17. Mobile Communication - Applications
18. Internet - Applications
19. Global Positioning System
20. Application of Information and Communication Technology in Agriculture, Fisheries and Mining
21. Summary, Concept Map - Communication Systems | Physics
22. Multiple Choice Questions - with Answers | Communication Systems | Physics
23. Short answers - Communication Systems | Physics
24. Long Answers - Communication Systems | Physics
UNIT 11: Recent Developments in Physics
1. Recent Developments in Physics
2. Nanoscience and Nanotechnology - Recent Developments in Physics
3. Robotics - Components, Types, Applications, Advantages, Disadvantages
4. Physics in medical diagnosis and therapy - Recent Developments in Physics
5. Summary, Concept Map - Recent Developments in Physics
6. Multiple Choice Questions - Recent Developments in Physics
7. Short answers - Recent Developments in Physics
8. Long Answers - Recent Developments in Physics
Practical Experiments
1. Specific Resistance of the Material of the Coil Using Metre Bridge - Physics Practical Experiment
2. Horizontal Component of Earth�s Magnetic Field Using Tangent Galvanometer - Physics Practical Experiment
3. Magnetic Field Along the Axis of a Circular Coil-Determination of BH - Physics Practical Experiment
4. Refractive Index of the Material of the Prism - Physics Practical Experiment
5. Wavelength of the Constituent Colours of a Composite Light Using Diffraction Grating and Spectrometer - Physics Practical Experiment
6. Voltage-Current Characteristics of a PN Junction Diode - Physics Practical Experiment
7. Voltage-Current Characteristics of a Zener Diode - Physics Practical Experiment
8. Characteristics of a NPN-Junction Transistor in Common Emitter Configuration - Physics Practical Experiment
9. Verification of Truth Tables of Logic Gates Using Integrated Circuits - Physics Practical Experiment
10. Verification of De Morgan�s Theorems - Physics Practical Experiment
11. Suggested Questions for the Practical Examination - Physics Practical Experiment
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