11th Botany - TamilNadu State Board (English Medium)
UNIT I : Diversity of Living World
Chapter 1 : Living World
1. Living World - Botany
2. Attributes of living organisms - Botany
3. Viruses - Milestones in Virology, Size and shape, Characteristic features, Classification, Bacteriophage, Multiplication or Life Cycle of Phages, Viral diseases
4. Characteristic features of Viruses
5. Classification of Viruses
6. Tobacco Mosaic Virus (TMV) and its Structure - Botany
7. Structure of T4 bacteriophage
8. Multiplication or Life Cycle of Phages - Viruses | Botany
9. List of Viral diseases
10. Classification of Living World - Comparison, Merits, Demerits
11. Bacteria - Milestones in Bacteriology, Characteristic features, Ultrastructure, Life processes, Respiration, Nutrition, Economic importance
12. Ultrastructure of a Bacterial cell - with diagram
13. Gram staining procedure - Bacteria
14. Life processes in Bacteria - Respiration, Nutrition
15. Reproduction in Bacteria
16. Economic importance of Bacteria
17. Archaebacteria
18. Cyanobacteria (Blue Green Algae)
19. Mycoplasma or Mollicutes
20. Actinomycetes (Actinobacteria)
21. Fungi - Milestones in Mycology, Characteristic features, Methods of Reproduction, Classification, Economic importance
22. General characteristic features of Fungi
23. Methods of Reproduction in Fungi : Asexual and Sexual Reproduction
24. Classification of Fungi
25. Kingdom : Myceteae (Fungi)
26. Economic importance of Fungi
27. Rhizopus - Fungi
28. Agaricus - Fungi
29. Importance of Mycorrhizae - Fungi
30. Lichens and its Classification - Fungi
31. Living World: Summary - Botany
32. Choose the Correct Answers - Living World | Botany
33. Answer the following questions - Living World | Botany
Chapter 2 : Plant Kingdom
1. Plant Kingdom - Botany
2. Classification of Plants
3. Life Cycle Patterns in Plants
4. Algae - Characteristic features, Classification, structure, Reproduction | Botany
5. General Characteristic features of Algae
6. Classification of Algae
7. Economic Importance of Algae
8. Oedogonium - Algae
9. Chara - Algae
10. Bryophytes - Characteristic features, Classification, Economic importance, structure, Reproduction
11. General characteristic features of Bryophytes
12. Classification of Bryophytes
13. Economic importance of Bryophytes
14. Marchantia - Bryophytes
15. Funaria : Internal structure, Reproduction - Bryophytes
16. Pteridophytes - Characteristic features, Classification, Economic importance, structure, Reproduction
17. General characteristic features of Pteridophytes
18. Classification of Pteridophytes
19. Economic Importance of Pteridophytes
20. Selaginella - Pteridophytes
21. Adiantum - Pteridophytes
22. Types of Stele - Pteridophytes
23. Gymnosperms - Characteristic features, Classification, Economic importance, structure, Reproduction
24. General characteristic features of Gymnosperms
25. Classification of Gymnosperms
26. Comparison of Gymnosperm with Angiosperms
27. Economic importance of Gymnosperms
28. Cycas - Gymnosperms
29. Pinus - Gymnosperms
30. Know about Fossil plants - Tamil Nadu
31. Angiosperms - Salient features, Characteristic features
32. Salient features of Angiosperms
33. Characteristic features of Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons
34. Gymnosperms : Summary - Botany
35. Choose the Correct Answers - Plant Kingdom | Botany
36. Answer the following questions - Plant Kingdom | Botany
UNIT II : Plant Morphology and Taxonomy of Angiosperm
Chapter 3 : Vegetative Morphology of Angiosperm
1. Vegetative Morphology
2. Plant Habit
3. Plant habitat
4. Plant Life Span
5. Parts of a flowering plant
6. Root System - Characteristic features, Regions, Types, Functions, Modifications
7. Characteristic features of Root
8. Regions of root
9. Types of root
10. Modifications of root
11. Tap root modification
12. Adventitious root modification
13. Shoot system (Stem) - Characteristic features, Functions, Types, Modification of Stem
14. Characteristic features of the stem
15. Functions of the stem - Primary and Secondary functions
16. Buds - Vegetative Morphology
17. Types of Stem
18. Modification of Stem - Aerial, Sub aerial, Underground, Stem Branching
19. Aerial modification of stem
20. Sub aerial stem modifications
21. Underground stem modifications
22. Stem Branching - Modification of stem
23. Leaf - Characteristic features, Functions, Types, Parts of the leaf
24. Characteristics of leaf
25. Functions of the leaf
26. Parts of the leaf
27. Venation and its Types - Leaf | Botany
28. Phyllotaxy - Leaf | Botany
29. Leaf mosaic - Leaf | Botany
30. Leaf type - Botany
31. Modification of Leaf
32. Ptyxis - Leaf | Botany
33. Leaf duration - Botany
34. Leaf symmetry - Botany
35. Vegetative Morphology of Angiosperm : Summary - Botany
36. Choose the Correct Answers - Vegetative Morphology of Angiosperm | Botany
37. Answer the following questions - Vegetative Morphology of Angiosperm | Botany
Chapter 4 : Reproductive Morphology of Angiosperm
1. Reproductive Morphology of Angiosperm : Introduction - Botany
2. Inflorescence - Types
3. Types of Inflorescence Based On Position
4. Types of Inflorescence Based on branching pattern and other characters - Racemose, Cymose, Mixed, Special inflorescence
5. Racemose Inflorescence - Types of Inflorescence
6. Cymose inflorescence - Types of Inflorescence
7. Mixed Inflorescence - Types of Inflorescence
8. Special Inflorescence - Types of Inflorescence
9. Flower and Parts of flower
10. Flower sex
11. Plant sex
12. Flower symmetry
13. Arrangement of whorls - Flower | Botany
14. Cycly - Flower | Botany
15. Merosity - Flower | Botany
16. Calyx - Flower | Botany
17. Corolla - What, Shapes, Fusion | Flower | Botany
18. Perianth - Flower | Botany
19. Aestivation - Flower | Botany
20. Androecium - Parts of Flower | Botany
21. Gynoecium - Parts of Flower | Botany
22. Construction of floral diagram and floral formula - Flower | Botany
23. Fruits : Structure, Types, Functions - Botany
24. Types of Fruit - Botany
25. Simple Fruits and its Types: Fleshy and Dry Fruit - Botany
26. Aggregate Fruits
27. Multiple or Composite Fruit
28. Functions of Fruit
29. Seed - Types, Significance
30. Types of Seed
31. Significance of Seeds
32. Summary of Reproductive Morphology of Angiosperm - Botany
33. Choose the Correct Answers - Reproductive Morphology of Angiosperm | Botany
34. Answer the following questions - Reproductive Morphology of Angiosperm | Botany
Chapter 5 : Taxonomy and Systematic Botany
1. Taxonomy and Systematic Botany - Botany
2. Taxonomy and Systematics - Botany
3. Taxonomic Hierarchy - Botany
4. Concept of species-Morphological, Biological and Phylogenetic
5. International Code of Botanical Nomenclature
6. Type concept - Taxonomy and Systematic Botany
7. Taxonomic Aids - Keys, Flora, Monograph | Botany
8. Botanical Gardens - Botany
9. Herbarium - Preparation and uses
10. Classification of Plants
11. Types of classification - Taxonomy
12. Artificial system of classification - Taxonomy and Systematic Botany
13. Bentham and Hooker (Natural) system of classification
14. Phylogenetic system of classification - Taxonomy
15. Angiosperm phylogeny group (APG) classification
16. Modern trends in taxonomy
17. Cladistics - Taxonomy and Systematic Botany
18. Family: Fabaceae (Pea family) - Systematic position, Diagnostic and General characters, Botanical description, Floral Formula, Economic Importance
19. Botanical description of Clitoria ternatea (Sangu pushpam)
20. Botanical description of Pisum sativum (Pea Plant)
21. Economic Importance of Family: Fabaceae (Pea family)
22. Family: Apocynaceae (milk weed family) (including Asclepiadaceae) - Systematic position, Diagnostic and General characters, Botanical description, Floral Formula, Economic Importance
23. Family: Solanaceae (Potato Family / Night shade family) - Systematic position, Diagnostic and General characters, Botanical description, Floral Formula, Economic Importance
24. Botanical description of Datura metel
25. Botanical description of Solanum americanum
26. Economic importance of Family: Solanaceae (Potato Family / Night shade family)
27. Economic importance of the family Apocynaceae (milk weed family)
28. Family: Euphorbiaceae (Castor Family / Spurge Family) - Systematic position, Diagnostic and General characters, Botanical description, Floral Formula, Economic Importance
29. Botanical Description Of Ricinus communis (Castor)
30. Economic importance of the family Euphorbiaceae (Castor Family / Spurge Family)
31. Family Musaceae � Banana Family - Diagnostic and General characters, Botanical description, Floral Formula, Economic Importance
32. Botanical Description of Musa paradisiaca
33. Economic Importance of The Family Musaceae (Banana Family)
34. Family: Liliaceae (Lily Family) - Systematic position, Diagnostic and General characters, Botanical description, Floral Formula, Economic Importance
35. Botanical description of Allium cepa
36. Economic importance of the family liliaceae (Lily Family)
37. Summary - Taxonomy and Systematic Botany - Botany
38. Choose the Correct Answers - Taxonomy and Systematic Botany | Botany
39. Answer the following questions - Taxonomy and Systematic Botany | Botany
UNIT III : Cell biology and Biomolecules
Chapter 6 : Cell The Unit of Life
1. Discovery - Cell: The Unit of Life
2. Microscopy and its types
3. Electron Microscope
4. Cell Theory - Botany
5. Types of cells
6. Difference between plant and animal cells
7. Plant Cell Organelles
8. Nucleus - Structure, Diagram, Functions
9. Structure and Functions of the nucleus
10. Structure and Types of chromosome
11. Flagella - Types, Structure, Movement
12. Cytological Techniques
13. Summary - Cell: The Unit of Life - Botany
14. Choose the Correct Answers - Cell: The Unit of Life | Botany
15. Answer the following questions - Cell: The Unit of Life | Botany
Chapter 7 : Cell Cycle
1. History of a Cell
2. Cell Cycle - Definition, Phases, Duration
3. Cell Division - Stages, Significance, Difference between
4. Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis in Plants and Animals
5. Mitogens - Cell Cycle | Botany
6. Choose the Correct Answers - Cell Cycle | Botany
7. Answer the following questions - Cell Cycle | Botany
Chapter 8 : Biomolecules
1. Organic compounds: Biomolecules
2. Water - Biomolecules - Chemistry, Properties of Water
3. Primary and Secondary Metabolites - Biomolecules
4. Carbohydrates - Biomolecules
5. Lipids - Biomolecules
6. Proteins - Biomolecules - Classification, Structure, Denaturation, Bonding of Protein
7. Enzymes - Biomolecules - Properties, Lock and Key Mechanism, Factors Affecting, Nomenclature, Classification, Uses
8. Nucleic Acids - Biomolecules - DNA and RNA | Formation, Structure, Features, Types
9. Summary - Biomolecules - Botany
10. Choose the Correct Answers - Biomolecules | Botany
11. Answer the following questions - Biomolecules | Botany
UNIT IV : Plant Anatomy
Chapter 9 : Tissue and Tissue System
1. Milestones in Anatomy - Tissue and Tissue System
2. Meristematic Tissue - Characteristics, classification, Theories
3. Permanent Tissues - Types, Diagramatic structures, Concept Map, Difference Between
4. Simple Permanent Tissues: Parenchyma, Collenchyma, Sclerenchyma
5. Complex Tissues: Xylem and Phloem
6. Difference Between Different types of tissues
7. Introduction to Tissue System, Types and Characteristics of tissue System
8. Epidermal Tissue System
9. Fundamental Tissue System
10. Vascular Tissue System
11. Primary Structure of Dicot Root - Bean Root
12. Primary Structure of Monocot Root-maize Root
13. Anatomical differences between dicot root and monocot root
14. Anatomy and Primary Structure of Dicot stem - sunflower stem
15. Anatomy and Primary Structure of Monocot Stem-maize Stem
16. Anatomical differences between dicot stem and monocot stem
17. Anatomical differences between root and stem
18. Anatomy of a Dicot and Monocot Leaves
19. Anatomy and Primary Structure of a Dicot Leaf-sunflower Leaf
20. Anatomy and Primary Structure of a Monocot Leaf - Grass Leaf
21. Water Stomata (or) Hydathodes
22. Summary - Tissue and Tissue System - Botany
23. Choose the Correct Answers - Tissue and Tissue System | Botany
24. Answer the following questions - Tissue and Tissue System | Botany
Chapter 10 : Secondary Growth
1. Secondary Growth of Plant
2. Secondary Growth in Dicot Stem
3. Secondary Growth in Dicot root
4. Cambial variants (Anomalous Secondary Growth)
5. Timber - Secondary Growth
6. Summary - Secondary Growth - Botany
7. Choose the Correct Answers - Secondary Growth | Plant Anatomy (Structural Organisation) | Botany
8. Answer the following questions - Secondary Growth | Plant Anatomy (Structural Organisation) | Botany
UNIT V : Plant Physiology
Chapter 11 : Transport in Plants
1. Transport in Plants - Botany
2. Types of Transport in Plants
3. Cell to Cell Transport - Transport in Plants
4. Plant Water Relations - Transport in Plants | Botany
5. Imbibition: Significance and Experiment - Examples, Significance, Experiment
6. Water Potential (?) in Plants
7. Osmotic Pressure and Osmotic Potential in Plants
8. Turgor Pressure and Wall Pressure in Plants
9. Diffusion Pressure Deficit (DPD) or Suction Pressure (SP) in Plants
10. Osmosis - Types, Experiment, Plasmolysis
11. Thistle funnel experiment - Osmosis
12. Potato Osmoscope - Osmosis
13. Absorption of Water in Plants
14. Ascent of Sap
15. Transpiration in Plants
16. Types of Transpiration in Plants
17. Structure of Stomata
18. Mechanism of Stomatal Movement�
19. Factors Affecting Rate of Transpiration in Plants
20. Plant Antitranspirants
21. Guttation - Transport in Plants
22. Measurement and Significance of transpiration in Plants
23. Translocation of Organic� Solutes in Plants
24. Ringing or girdling experiment
25. Mechanism of Translocation in Plants
26. Mineral Absorption in Plants
27. Summary - Transport in Plants - Botany
28. Choose the Correct Answers - Transport in Plants | Plant Physiology (Functional Organisation) | Botany
29. Answer the following questions - Transport in Plants | Plant Physiology (Functional Organisation) | Botany
Chapter 12 : Mineral Nutrition
1. Mineral Nutrition for Plants
2. Classification of Plants Mineral Nutrition
3. Functions, mode of absorption and deficiency symptoms of macronutrients
4. Functions, mode of absorption and deficiency symptoms of Micronutrients
5. Deficiency diseases and symptoms - Plants
6. Critical concentration and toxicity of minerals - Plants
7. Hydroponics and Aeroponics
8. Nitrogen Fixation
9. Nitrogen cycle and nitrogen metabolism
10. Special modes of plant nutrition
11. Summary - Plant Mineral Nutrition - Botany
12. Choose the Correct Answers - Mineral Nutrition | Plant Physiology (Functional Organisation) | Botany
13. Answer the following questions - Mineral Nutrition | Plant Physiology (Functional Organisation) | Botany
Chapter 13 : Photosynthesis
1. Photosynthesis: Introduction
2. Historical Events in Photosynthesis
3. Definition, Significance and Site of Photosynthesis
4. Photosynthetic Pigments� - Chlorophyll, Carotenoids, Phycobilins
5. Spectrum of �Electromagnetic Radiation
6. Properties of Light
7. Photosynthetic Unit (Quantasome)
8. Absorption Spectrum and Action Spectrum
9. Emerson's Experiments and Hill's Reaction - Photosynthesis | Botany
10. Modern Concept of Photosynthesis
11. Photo-Oxidation Phase of Light Reaction
12. Photo chemical phase of light reaction
13. Photophosphorylation
14. Chemiosmotic Theory
15. Dark Reaction or C3 Cycle or Biosynthetic Phase or Photosynthetic Carbon Reduction (PCR) Cycle
16. Hatch & Slack Pathway or C4 Cycle or Dicarboxylic Acid Pathway or Dicarboxylation Pathway
17. Crassulacean Acid Metabolism or CAM cycle - Significance
18. Photorespiration or C2 Cycle or Photosynthetic Carbon Oxidation (PCO) Cycle
19. Factors affecting �Photosynthesis
20. Experiment to determine rate of photosynthesis by Wilmott�s bubbler
21. Test tube funnel experiment or Experiment to prove oxygen evolved during Photosynthesis
22. Photosynthesis in bacteria
23. Summary - Photosynthesis - Botany
24. Choose the Correct Answers - Photosynthesis | Plant Physiology (Functional Organisation) | Botany
25. Answer the following questions - Photosynthesis | Plant Physiology (Functional Organisation) | Botany
Chapter 14 : Respiration
1. Plant Respiration : Introduction
2. Gaseous Exchange in Plant - Respiration, Compensation point
3. Structure of ATP
4. Redox Reactions - Plant Respiration
5. Types of Respiration in Plant
6. Stages of Respiration in Plants
7. Glycolysis - Stages of Respiration in plants
8. Krebs cycle or Citric acid cycle or TCA cycle - Plant Respiration
9. Electron Transport Chain (ETC) (Terminal oxidation) - Plant Respiration
10. Respiratory Quotient (RQ) in Plant - Formula, Significance, Experiment
11. Experiment to demonstrate the production of CO2 in aerobic respiration
12. Fermentation - Anaerobic Respiration in Plants
13. Demonstration of alcoholic fermentation
14. Factors Affecting Plant Respiration
15. Pentose Phosphate Pathway (Phospho Gluconate Pathway)
16. Summary - Plants Respiration - Botany
17. Choose the Correct Answers - Respiration | Plant Physiology (Functional Organisation) | Botany
18. Answer the following questions - Respiration | Plant Physiology (Functional Organisation) | Botany
Chapter 15 : Plant Growth and Development
1. Plant Growth and Development : Introduction
2. Characteristics of Plant Growth
3. Kinetics of plant growth
4. Arc auxanometer Experiment - Measurement of growth by direct method
5. Plant Growth Regulators - classification, Characteristics of phytohormones, Synergistic and Antagonistic effects
6. Auxins - Natural Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) - Discovery, Occurrence, Types, Physiological Effects, Agricultural role
7. Gibberellins - Natural Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) - Discovery, Occurrence, structure, Transport, Physiological Effects, Agricultural role
8. Cytokinins - Natural Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) - Discovery, Occurrence, Transport, Physiological Effects
9. Ethylene (Gaseous Phytohormone) - Natural Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) - Discovery, Occurrence, Transport, Physiological Effects, Agricultural role
10. Abscisic Acid (ABA) (Stress Phyto Hormone) - Natural Plant Growth Regulators (PGRs) - Discovery, Occurrence, Transport, Physiological Effects, Agricultural role
11. Plant Movements - Vital movements, Physical Movement (Hygroscopic Movements)
12. Experiment to demonstrate negative geotropism in aerial stem
13. Experiment to demonstrate positive phototropism in shoot tips
14. Photoperiodism
15. Vernalization - Plant Growth and Development
16. Seed Germination and Dormancy
17. Senescence - Types, Physiology, Factors affecting, Morphological and Anatomical changes, Hormones influencing, Significance
18. Stress Physiology - Plant
19. Summary - Plant Growth and Development - Botany
20. Choose the Correct Answers - Plant Growth and Development | Plant Physiology (Functional Organisation) | Botany
21. Answer the following questions - Plant Growth and Development | Plant Physiology (Functional Organisation) | Botany
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